英语"As...As..."结构深度讲解
同级比较结构完整解析
"As...as..."结构是英语中用于表示同级比较的重要句式，具有丰富的用法和灵活的表达方式。在本课中的“as soon as he had got into the car”实际上就是在做时间的比较。在这篇讲义里，我们 “as much as possible” 地阐述、归纳了这个句式的多种使用场景。
基本概念与结构
1. 定义与功能
"As...as..."结构用于表示两个事物在程度、数量、方式等方面的相同或相似性。
基本结构: as + 形容词/副词 + as
功能: 表示"和……一样……"
例句: She is as tall as her sister. (她和姐姐一样高)
2. 基本句式结构
根据比较内容的不同，as...as结构有多种句式变化。
形容词比较: as + adj. + as
副词比较: as + adv. + as
名词比较: as + much/many + n. + as
例句: He runs as fast as I do. (他跑得和我一样快)
主要用法分类
1. 形容词比较
比较两个事物的性质、状态等。
例句: This book is as interesting as that one.
翻译: 这本书和那本书一样有趣。
例句: The problem is as difficult as I expected.
翻译: 这个问题和我预期的一样难。
2. 副词比较
比较动作的方式、程度等。
例句: Please come as quickly as possible.
翻译: 请尽快过来。
例句: He works as hard as his brother.
翻译: 他工作和哥哥一样努力。
3. 数量比较
比较数量、程度的大小。
例句: I have as many books as you.
翻译: 我的书和你的一样多。
例句: She spends as much money as I do.
翻译: 她花的钱和我一样多。
4. 时间比较
比较时间先后或持续时间。
例句: I'll call you as soon as I arrive.
翻译: 我一到就给你打电话。
例句: Please reply as soon as possible.
翻译: 请尽快回复。
特殊结构与固定搭配
1. As...as possible
表示"尽可能……地"，强调极限程度。
例句: Please finish the work as soon as possible.
翻译: 请尽快完成工作。
例句: Run as fast as possible!
翻译: 尽可能快地跑！
例句: We need to be as careful as possible.
翻译: 我们需要尽可能小心。
2. As...as one can
表示"尽某人所能地"。
例句: I will help you as much as I can.
翻译: 我会尽我所能帮助你。
例句: Please come as early as you can.
翻译: 请尽量早点来。
3. 比喻性用法
用于明喻，生动描述事物特征。
例句: He is as brave as a lion.
翻译: 他像狮子一样勇敢。
例句: The baby's skin is as soft as silk.
翻译: 婴儿的皮肤像丝绸一样柔软。
例句: She runs as fast as a bullet.
翻译: 她跑得像子弹一样快。
4. 程度强调结构
使用倍数、分数等表示具体程度。
例句: This room is twice as large as that one.
翻译: 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
例句: He is half as tall as his father.
翻译: 他只有父亲一半高。
否定形式与相关结构
| 结构类型 | 形式 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 否定形式 | not as...as | 不如…… | He is not as tall as his brother. |
| 否定形式 | not so...as | 没有……那么 | This book is not so interesting as that one. |
| 程度不及 | less...than | 比……更不 | She is less careful than her sister. |
否定形式详解
否定形式表示"不如……"或"没有……那么"。
not as...as: This car is not as expensive as that one.
翻译: 这辆车没有那辆贵。
not so...as: The movie is not so exciting as the book.
翻译: 电影没有书那么精彩。
复杂句式与从句用法
1. 时间状语从句
as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示"一……就……"。
例句: I'll call you as soon as I get home.
翻译: 我一到家就给你打电话。
例句: As soon as the rain stops, we'll go out.
翻译: 雨一停我们就出去。
2. 方式状语从句
表示动作进行的方式。
例句: Do it as I told you.
翻译: 按照我告诉你的那样做。
例句: She sings as her teacher taught her.
翻译: 她按照老师教的那样唱歌。
3. 比较状语从句
包含完整从句的比较结构。
例句: The situation is as bad as it ever was.
翻译: 情况和以往一样糟糕。
例句: He is as fierce as he used to be.
翻译: 他还和以前一样凶猛。
常见固定表达
As well as
表示"和……一样好"或"既……又……"。
例句: She speaks English as well as her teacher.
翻译: 她英语说得和老师一样好。
例句: He is kind as well as intelligent.
翻译: 他既善良又聪明。
As long as
表示"只要"或"和……一样长"。
例句: You can stay as long as you like.
翻译: 你想待多久就待多久。
例句: This river is as long as that one.
翻译: 这条河和那条河一样长。
As far as
表示"就……而言"或"和……一样远"。
例句: As far as I know, he is honest.
翻译: 就我所知，他是诚实的。
例句: We walked as far as the station.
翻译: 我们一直走到车站。
练习与应用
一、用as...as结构完成下列句子：
- This box is ________________ that one. (重)
- She speaks English ________________ her brother. (流利)
- Please come ________________. (尽快)
- I will help you ________________. (尽我所能)
- He is ________________ a horse. (强壮)
二、将下列句子改为否定形式：
- This room is as big as that one. → _______________________
- She runs as fast as I do. → _______________________
- The test was as difficult as I expected. → _______________________
三、翻译下列句子：
- 请尽可能仔细地检查你的作业。
- 他一收到消息就给我打了电话。
- 这个问题和我想象的一样复杂。
- 她的新手机只有旧手机一半贵。
- 就我所知，会议已经取消了。
参考答案:
一、1. as heavy as 2. as fluently as 3. as soon as possible 4. as much as I can 5. as strong as
二、1. This room is not as big as that one. 2. She doesn't run as fast as I do. 3. The test was not as difficult as I expected.
三、1. Please check your homework as carefully as possible. 2. He called me as soon as he received the message. 3. This problem is as complicated as I imagined. 4. Her new phone is half as expensive as the old one. 5. As far as I know, the meeting has been cancelled.
语法要点总结
核心规则
1. 基本结构: as + 形容词/副词 + as
2. 否定形式: not as/so...as
3. 固定搭配: as...as possible, as...as one can
4. 比喻用法: as...as + 名词（明喻）
5. 程度表达: 倍数/分数 + as...as
使用注意事项
• 形容词副词选择: 根据比较内容选择正确的词性
• 主谓一致: 从句中的动词要与主语保持一致
• 语序问题: as...as结构中的语序要正确
• 省略规则: 在上下文明确时可适当省略
• 正式程度: not so...as比not as...as更正式
"As...as..."结构是英语中表达同级比较的核心语法点，从简单的形容词比较到复杂的时间状语从句，这一结构展现了英语表达的丰富性和精确性。掌握其各种用法对于提高英语表达能力具有重要意义。